path: root/using-git.texinfo

\input texinfo   @c -*-texinfo-*-

@c %**start of header
@setfilename using-git.info
@settitle using git
@afourpaper
@documentencoding UTF-8
@documentlanguage en
@finalout
@c %**end of header



@dircategory Version Control
@direntry
* using git: (using git).             Using the Git source control management
@end direntry


@copying
Copyright @copyright{} 2013 Mattias Andrée

@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
``GNU Free Documentation License''.
@end quotation
@end copying

@ifnottex
@node Top
@top Using Git
@insertcopying
@end ifnottex

@titlepage
@title Using Git
@author by Mattias Andrée (maandree)

@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
@insertcopying
@end titlepage

@contents



@menu
* Getting started::
* Introduction::
* GNU Free Documentation License::
@end menu



@node Getting started
@chapter Getting started

@menu
* Create a repository::
* Create an origin::
@end menu



@node Create a repository
@section Create a repository

A repository is a directory under source control,
normally your project you are working on.

Create an empty directory and @command{cd} into it:

@example
mkdir MY_PROJECT
cd MY_PROJECT
@end example

When you are inside the directory for the repository
issus the git command to initialise the repository:

@example
git init
@end example

This command creates a directory namend @file{.git}
inside the directory with all data git requires to
operate on the repository.

The next thing you want to do is to create a
@file{.gitignore} file, it is used to keep track
of with files that should be be included in the
repository, unless overruled with a forced staging.

A good base @file{.gitignore} content you probably
always want to use is:

@example
_/
# It is a good idea to allow the directory _ to
# contain temporary file you do not whant to stage.

.*
# Generally you probably do not want to include
# hidden files.

!.git*
# But you do generally want to include files
starting with .git, such as .gitignore.

\#*\#
*~
*.bak
# And you do not want to include backup files.
@end example

Git parses @file{.gitignore} with wildcards,
@code{#} for comments and @code{!} for inclusion
rather than exclusion, latter entires override
earlier entries.

When you have create you @file{.gitignore} you
are ready to stage it and make your first commit:

@example
git add .gitignore
git commit -n 'first commit'
@end example



@node Create an origin
@section Create an origin

It is a good idea to create a backup repostory,
so you do not lose your work on a disc failure,
filesystem corruption accidental removal.

You can such repostory for allowing collaboration
with a command repository that the collaborators
can all submit and fetch commits from.

This repository is customarly called `origin'.
And it is a bare repository, meaning that it
only hold the data in the @file{.git} directory
and cannot be used as the working directory.

@example
mkcd -p /srv/git/MY_REPOSITORY.git
cd /srv/git/MY_REPOSITORY.git
git init --bare

cd -  # Go back to your project respository
git remote add origin file:///srv/git/MY_REPOSITORY.git
git push -u orgin master  # master is the bransh you are working in
@end example

It is standard to append @file{.git} to the
end of the repository name when it is bare.

To submit your changes to origin you can now
use the command @command{git push}. To fetch
updates others have made, use the command
@command{git pull}.



@node Introduction
@chapter Introduction

@menu
* What is Git?::
@end menu



@node What is Git?
@section What is Git?

Git is a version control system know for
its lightning speed and being distributed.
A version control system is a system for
storing changes in a history tree and allow
for multiple people to work on the same
project without the risk of the code being
too new to accept a submitted patch.

When you are working it is important to keep
track of changes so that you can find when
edit step broke the system. But version
control also lets you create branches, these
are different versions of the same project
being developed concurrently which lets your
team implement features in parallel and
merge them in into the mainline when stable.

And other important feature of version
control that can be used to tag releases
of the code. If you have release a program
and is sent a bug report you may want to
test it one both the current version and
the version the user used.



@node GNU Free Documentation License
@appendix GNU Free Documentation License
@include fdl.texinfo

@bye