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authorMattias Andrée <maandree@kth.se>2021-02-19 22:10:26 +0100
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-\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
-
-@c %**start of header
-@setfilename solar-python.info
-@settitle solar-python
-@afourpaper
-@documentencoding UTF-8
-@documentlanguage en
-@finalout
-@c %**end of header
-
-
-@dircategory Astronomy
-@direntry
-* solar-python: (solar-python). Solar data calculation and prediction library for Python
-@end direntry
-
-
-@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 2015 Mattias Andrée
-
-@quotation
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
-Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
-Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
-``GNU Free Documentation License''.
-@end quotation
-@end copying
-
-@ifnottex
-@node Top
-@top solar-python -- Solar data calculation and prediction library for Python
-@insertcopying
-@end ifnottex
-
-@titlepage
-@title solar-python
-@subtitle Solar data calculation and prediction library for Python
-@author by Mattias Andrée (maandree)
-
-@page
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-@insertcopying
-@page
-@end titlepage
-
-@contents
-
-
-
-@menu
-* Overview:: Brief overview of @command{solar-python}.
-* Constants:: List of constants.
-* Calendar functions:: List of calendar functions.
-* Observation functions:: List of solar data observation functions.
-* Prediction functions:: List of solar data prediction functions.
-* Miscellaneous functions:: List of miscellaneous functions.
-* GNU Free Documentation License:: Copying and sharing this manual.
-@end menu
-
-
-
-@node Overview
-@chapter Overview
-
-@command{solar-python} is Python 3 library that can
-be used to calculate information about the Sun's
-position and related data and predict at when time
-solar events occur.
-
-Import the module @code{solar_python} to use the
-library.
-
-Documentation is available by the command @code{help}
-in python.
-
-
-
-@node Constants
-@chapter Constants
-
-Importing @code{solar_python} makes the following
-constants available:
-
-@table @code
-@item SOLAR_APPARENT_RADIUS = 32.0 / 60.0
-Approximate apparent size of the Sun in degrees.
-
-@item SOLAR_ELEVATION_PRESUNSET_POSTSUNRISE = 32.0 / 60.0
-The Sun's elevation at beginning of sunset
-and end of sunrise, measured in degrees.
-
-@item SOLAR_ELEVATION_SUNSET_SUNRISE = -32.0 / 60.0
-The Sun's elevation at (end of) sunset and
-(beginning of) sunrise, measured in degrees.
-
-@item SOLAR_ELEVATION_CIVIL_DUSK_DAWN = -6.0
-The Sun's elevation at civil dusk and civil dawn,
-measured in degrees
-
-@item SOLAR_ELEVATION_NAUTICAL_DUSK_DAWN = -12.0
-The Sun's elevation at nautical dusk and nautical
-dawn, measured in degrees
-
-@item SOLAR_ELEVATION_ASTRONOMICAL_DUSK_DAWN = -18.0
-The Sun's elevation at astronomical dusk and
-astronomical dawn, measured in degrees
-
-@item SOLAR_ELEVATION_AMATEUR_ASTRONOMICAL_DUSK_DAWN = -15.0
-The Sun's elevation at amateur astronomical dusk and
-amateur astronomical dawn, measured in degrees
-
-@item SOLAR_ELEVATION_RANGE_TWILIGHT = (-18.0, 0.0)
-The Sun's lowest and highest elevation during all
-periods of twilight, measured in degrees
-
-@item SOLAR_ELEVATION_RANGE_CIVIL_TWILIGHT = (-6.0, -32.0 / 60.0)
-The Sun's lowest and highest elevation during
-civil twilight, measured in degrees
-
-@item SOLAR_ELEVATION_RANGE_NAUTICAL_TWILIGHT = (-12.0, -32.0 / 60.0)
-The Sun's lowest and highest elevation during
-nautical twilight, measured in degrees
-
-@item SOLAR_ELEVATION_RANGE_ASTRONOMICAL_TWILIGHT = (-18.0, -32.0 / 60.0)
-The Sun's lowest and highest elevation during
-astronomical twilight, measured in degrees
-
-@item SOLAR_ELEVATION_RANGE_AMATEUR_ASTRONOMICAL_TWILIGHT = (-15.0, -32.0 / 60.0)
-The Sun's lowest and highest elevation during
-amateur astronomical twilight, measured in degrees
-
-@item SOLAR_ELEVATION_RANGE_GOLDEN_HOUR = (-4.0, 6.0)
-The Sun's lowest and highest elevation during
-the golden hour (magic hour), measured in degrees.
-These elevations are approximate.
-
-@item SOLAR_ELEVATION_RANGE_BLUE_HOUR = (-6.0, -4.0)
-The Sun's lowest and highest elevation during
-the blue hour, measured in degrees. These
-elevations are approximate.
-@end table
-
-
-
-@node Calendar functions
-@chapter Calendar functions
-
-Importing @code{solar_python} makes the following
-calendar conversion functions available. All
-parameters are of the type @code{float}, and
-all functions return @code{float} except where
-noted otherwise.
-
-@table @code
-@item julian_day_to_epoch(t)
-Converts a Julian Day timestamp, @code{t}, to a POSIX time timestamp.
-
-@item epoch_to_julian_day(t)
-Converts a POSIX time timestamp, @code{t}, to a Julian Day timestamp
-
-@item julian_day_to_julian_centuries(t)
-Converts a Julian Day timestamp, @code{t}, to a Julian Centuries timestamp.
-
-@item julian_centuries_to_julian_day(t)
-Converts a Julian Centuries timestamp, @code{t}, to a Julian Day timestamp.
-
-@item epoch_to_julian_centuries(t)
-Converts a POSIX time timestamp, @code{t}, to a Julian Centuries timestamp.
-
-@item julian_centuries_to_epoch(t)
-Converts a Julian Centuries timestamp, @code{t}, to a POSIX time timestamp.
-@end table
-
-@code{solar_python} also makes the following
-functions available. All parameters are of the
-type @code{float}, and all functions return
-@code{float}.
-
-@table @code
-@item epoch()
-Get current POSIX time.
-
-@item julian_day()
-Get current Julian Day time.
-
-@item julian_centuries()
-Get current Julian Centuries time (100 Julian days since J2000.)
-@end table
-
-
-
-@node Observation functions
-@chapter Observation functions
-
-Importing @code{solar_python} makes the following
-solar data observation functions available. All
-parameters are of the type @code{float}, and
-all functions return @code{float}. All parameters
-named @code{t} or @code{noon} is the time in
-Julian Centuries. These are low-level functions.
-
-@table @code
-@item sun_geometric_mean_longitude(t)
-Calculates the Sun's geometric mean longitude.
-
-@item sun_geometric_mean_anomaly(t)
-Calculates the Sun's geometric mean anomaly, in radians.
-
-@item earth_orbit_eccentricity(t)
-Calculates the Earth's orbit eccentricity.
-
-@item sun_equation_of_centre(t)
-Calculates the Sun's equation of the centre --- the
-difference between the true anomaly and the mean
-anomaly --- in radians.
-
-@item sun_real_longitude(t)
-Calculates the Sun's real longitudinal position, in radians.
-
-@item sun_apparent_longitude(t)
-Calculates the Sun's apparent longitudinal position, in radians.
-
-@item mean_ecliptic_obliquity(t)
-Calculates the uncorrected mean ecliptic obliquity of the Sun's
-apparent motion without variation correction, in radians.
-
-@item corrected_mean_ecliptic_obliquity(t)
-Calculates the mean ecliptic obliquity of the Sun's apparent
-motion with variation correction, in radians.
-
-@item solar_declination(t)
-Calculates the Sun's declination, in radians.
-
-@item equation_of_time(t)
-Calculates the equation of time --- the discrepancy
-between apparent and mean solar time --- in degrees.
-
-@item hour_angle_from_elevation(latitude, declination, elevation)
-Calculates the solar hour angle, in radians, from the Sun's
-elevation, in radians. The Sun's elevation is gived by the
-parameter @code{elevation}. This functions requires two
-additional parameters:
-@table @code
-@item longitude
-The longitude in degrees eastwards from Greenwich,
-negative for westwards.
-@item declination
-The declination, in radians.
-@end table
-
-@item elevation_from_hour_angle(latitude, declination, hour_angle)
-Calculates the Sun's elevation, in radians, from the solar
-hour angle, in radians. The solar hour angle is gived by the
-parameter @code{hour_angle}. This functions requires two
-additional parameters:
-@table @code
-@item longitude
-The longitude in degrees eastwards from Greenwich,
-negative for westwards.
-@item declination
-The declination, in radians.
-@end table
-
-@item time_of_solar_noon(t, longitude)
-Calculates the time, in Julian Centuries, of the solar
-noon the closest to the time @code{t}. This functions
-requires one additional parameter:
-@table @code
-@item longitude
-The longitude in degrees eastwards from Greenwich,
-negative for westwards.
-@end table
-
-@item time_of_solar_elevation(t, noon, latitude, longitude, elevation)
-Calculates the time, in Julian Centuries, the Sun has
-a specified apparent elevation, expressed in radians
-via the parameter @code{elevation}, at a geographical
-position, expressed in degrees by the parameters:
-@table @code
-@item latitude
-The latitude in degrees northwards from the equator,
-negative for southwards.
-@item longitude
-The longitude in degrees eastwards from Greenwich,
-negative for westwards.
-@end table
-@noindent
-The function require two additional parameter:
-@table @code
-@item t
-A time, in Julian Centuries, close to the sought time.
-@item noon
-The time, in Julian Centuries, of the closest solar noon.
-@end table
-
-@item solar_elevation_from_time(t, latitude, longitude):
-Calculates the Sun's elevation, in radians, as apparent
-from a geographical position, expressed in degrees by the
-parameters:
-@table @code
-@item latitude
-The latitude in degrees northwards from the equator,
-negative for southwards.
-@item longitude
-The longitude in degrees eastwards from Greenwich,
-negative for westwards.
-@end table
-@end table
-
-The library also provides the high-level functions:
-@table @code
-@item solar_elevation(latitude, longitude, t = None)
-Calculates the Sun's elevation, in degreesm as apparent
-from a geographical position, expressed in degrees by the parameters:
-@table @code
-@item latitude
-The latitude in degrees northwards from the equator,
-negative for southwards.
-@item longitude
-The longitude in degrees eastwards from Greenwich,
-negative for westwards.
-@end table
-@noindent
-The function also requires to the in Julian Centuries,
-provided via the parameter @code{t}. If @code{t} is
-@code{None}, the current time is used.
-
-@item have_sunrise_and_sunset(latitude, t = None)
-Determine whether solar declination currently is
-so that there can be sunrises and sunsets. If not,
-you either have 24-hour daytime or 24-hour nighttime.
-The function requires to the in Julian Centuries,
-provided via the parameter @code{t}, and the latitude,
-provided via the parameter @code{latitude}, in degrees
-northwards from the equator, negative for southwards.
-If @code{t} is @code{None}, the current time is used.
-
-This function returns a boolean.
-
-@item is_summer(latitude, t = None)
-Determine whether it is summer on the hemisphere
-ont which you are located.
-The function requires to the in Julian Centuries,
-provided via the parameter @code{t}, and the latitude,
-provided via the parameter @code{latitude}, in degrees
-northwards from the equator, negative for southwards.
-If @code{t} is @code{None}, the current time is used.
-
-This function returns a boolean.
-
-@item is_winter(latitude, t = None)
-Determine whether it is winter on the hemisphere
-ont which you are located.
-The function requires to the in Julian Centuries,
-provided via the parameter @code{t}, and the latitude,
-provided via the parameter @code{latitude}, in degrees
-northwards from the equator, negative for southwards.
-If @code{t} is @code{None}, the current time is used.
-
-This function returns a boolean.
-@end table
-
-
-
-@node Prediction functions
-@chapter Prediction functions
-
-Importing @code{solar_python} makes the following
-solar data prediction functions available. All
-parameters are of the type @code{float}, and
-all functions return @code{float}. All parameters
-named @code{t} is the time in Julian Centuries,
-and the current time if set to @code{None}. Some
-functions require the geographical position of
-the observer. This latitude is provided via the
-parameter @code{latitude} in degrees northwards
-from the equator, negative for southwards.
-This longitude is provided via the parameter
-@code{longitude} in degrees eastwards from
-Greenwich, negative for westwards.
-
-@table @code
-@item solar_prediction(delta, requested, fun, epsilon = 0.000001, span = 0.01, t = None)
-Predict the time point of the next or previous
-time an arbitrary condition is meet. This function
-returns the calculated time in Julian Centuries,
-or @code{None} if the condition is not meet within
-the specified timespan, specified by the parameter
-@code{span} in Julian Centuries (@code{0.01} for
-one year).
-
-The function shall find the input --- one parameter
-in Julian Centuries --- for which the function-parameter
-@code{fun} returns the value of @code{requested} within
-an error tolerance of @code{epsilon}.
-
-The function uses the iteration step size @code{delta}.
-If this value is negative, a past event will be determined,
-and if it is positive, a future event will be predicted.
-
-@item future_past_equinox(delta, t = None)
-Predict the time point, in Julian Centuries, of the
-next or previous equinox.
-
-The function uses the iteration step size @code{delta}.
-If this value is negative, a past event will be determined,
-and if it is positive, a future event will be predicted.
-
-@item future_equinox(t = None)
-Predict the time point, in Julian Centuries, of the
-next equinox.
-
-@item past_equinox(t = None)
-Predict the time point, in Julian Centuries, of the
-previous equinox.
-
-@item future_past_solstice(delta, t = None)
-Predict the time point, in Julian Centuries, of the
-next or previous solstice.
-
-The function uses the iteration step size @code{delta}.
-If this value is negative, a past event will be determined,
-and if it is positive, a future event will be predicted.
-
-@item future_solstice(t = None)
-Predict the time point, in Julian Centuries, of the
-next solstice.
-
-@item past_solstice(t = None)
-Predict the time point, in Julian Centuries, of the
-previous solstice.
-
-@item future_past_elevation(delta, latitude, longitude, elevation, t = None)
-Predict the time point, in Julian Centuries, of the next
-or previous time the Sun reaches or reached a specific
-elevation, specified in degrees via the parameter
-@code{elevation}. @code{None} is returned if not found
-withing a year.
-
-The function uses the iteration step size @code{delta}.
-If this value is negative, a past event will be determined,
-and if it is positive, a future event will be predicted.
-
-@item future_elevation(latitude, longitude, elevation, t = None)
-Predict the time point, in Julian Centuries, of the next
-time the Sun reaches a specific elevation, specified in
-degrees via the parameter @code{elevation}. @code{None}
-is returned if not found withing a year.
-
-@item past_elevation(latitude, longitude, elevation, t = None)
-Predict the time point, in Julian Centuries, of the previous
-time the Sun reached a specific elevation, specified in
-degrees via the parameter @code{elevation}. @code{None}
-is returned if not found withing a year.
-
-@item future_past_elevation_derivative(delta, latitude, longitude, derivative, t = None)
-Predict the time point, in Julian Centuries, of the next or
-previous time the Sun reaches or reached a specific elevation
-derivative. @code{None} is returned if not found withing a
-year. The sought derivative is specified via the parameter
-@code{derivative}, expressed in degrees per Julian Century.
-
-The function uses the iteration step size @code{delta}. If
-this value is negative, a past event will be determined, and
-if it is positive, a future event will be predicted.
-
-@item future_elevation_derivative(latitude, longitude, derivative, t = None)
-Predict the time point, in Julian Centuries, of the next time
-the Sun reaches a specific elevation derivative. @code{None}
-is returned if not found withing a year. The sought derivative
-is specified via the parameter @code{derivative}, expressed in
-degrees per Julian Century.
-
-@item past_elevation_derivative(latitude, longitude, derivative, t = None)
-Predict the time point, in Julian Centuries, of the previous
-time the Sun reached a specific elevation derivative.
-@code{None} is returned if not found withing a year. The
-sought derivative is specified via the parameter
-@code{derivative}, expressed in degrees per Julian Century.
-
-@item sunrise_equation(latitude, longitude, t = None)
-This algorithm is imprecise, gives an incorrent sunrise.
-Its behaviour is not fully known.
-@end table
-
-
-
-@node Miscellaneous functions
-@chapter Miscellaneous functions
-
-Importing @code{solar_python} makes the following
-functions available:
-@table @code
-@item radians(deg)
-Convert an angle from degrees to radians.
-
-@item degrees(rad)
-Convert an angle from radians to degrees.
-@end table
-
-
-
-@node GNU Free Documentation License
-@appendix GNU Free Documentation License
-@include fdl.texinfo
-
-@bye
-