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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/info/mds.texinfo | 290 |
1 files changed, 192 insertions, 98 deletions
diff --git a/doc/info/mds.texinfo b/doc/info/mds.texinfo index 05ec173..48c138d 100644 --- a/doc/info/mds.texinfo +++ b/doc/info/mds.texinfo @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ Rather than one, possibly modular, process --- a monolithic process --- @code{mds} is comprised of many small servers, each exchangable and responsible for one thing. -@cpindex{Goals of @command{mds}} +@cindex Goals of @command{mds} @command{mds}'s goal is neither security, performance nor a perfect graphical experience. @command{mds} is all about flexibility and freedom 0@footnote{The freedom to run @@ -198,10 +198,10 @@ of crashing. @node Layers @section Layers -@cpindex{Layers, architecture} -@cpindex{Architectural layers} -@cpindex{Kernel} -@cpindex{Master server} +@cpindex Layers, architecture +@cpindex Architectural layers +@cpindex Kernel +@cpindex Master server The @command{mds} display server in architectured in three layers. The first layer is called the kernel. The kernel is responsible for acquiring a display @@ -218,10 +218,10 @@ the domain socket for communication with the display server, it is not responsible for using it, that mission falls to the master server. -@cpindex{Master server} -@cpindex{Message passing, coordination} -@cpindex{Communication, coordination} -@cpindex{Interprocess communication, coordination} +@cpindex Master server +@cpindex Message passing, coordination +@cpindex Communication, coordination +@cpindex Interprocess communication, coordination The second layer is the master server. The master server has two responsibilities: coordinating message passing between other servers and clients @@ -230,9 +230,9 @@ distinction between servers and clients, the distinction is purely semantic.} and starting other servers. -@cpindex{Starting of servers} -@cpindex{Servers, starting} -@pgindex{@file{mdsinitrc}} +@cpindex Starting of servers +@cpindex Servers, starting +@pgindex @file{mdsinitrc} The third layer is the other servers and clients. protocolwise there is no specification on how they are started. But in the reference @@ -254,10 +254,10 @@ of the display server. @node Interprocess Communication @section Interprocess Communication -@cpindex{Message passing, mechanism} -@cpindex{Communication, mechanism} -@cpindex{Interprocess communication, mechanism} -@cpindex{Master server} +@cpindex Message passing, mechanism +@cpindex Communication, mechanism +@cpindex Interprocess communication, mechanism +@cpindex Master server Intrinsic to @command{mds} is a powerful interprocess communication mechanism. Servers and clients connect to the display server by @@ -277,12 +277,12 @@ Multicast a message. Join or leave a multicast group. @end itemize -@cpindex{Multicast groups} -@cpindex{Client ID assignment} -@cpindex{ID assignment} -@cpindex{Assignment of ID} -@cpindex{Disconnection} -@cpindex{Master server} +@cpindex Multicast groups +@cpindex Client ID assignment +@cpindex ID assignment +@cpindex Assignment of ID +@cpindex Disconnection +@cpindex Master server Upon assignment of an ID the master server will automatically place the client in a multicast group for that specific client. @@ -293,11 +293,11 @@ a client is disconnected it will send out a message to a specific multicast group that the client, refered to by it's ID, have closed. -@cpindex{Message passing, message structure} -@cpindex{Communication, message structure} -@cpindex{Interprocess communication, message structure} -@cpindex{Message structure, message passing} -@cpindex{Master server} +@cpindex Message passing, message structure +@cpindex Communication, message structure +@cpindex Interprocess communication, message structure +@cpindex Message structure, message passing +@cpindex Master server A message in the @command{mds} protocol is comprised of two parts: headers and a payload. When a client joins a multicast group it is @@ -309,13 +309,13 @@ could be used for logging, possibly spying and networking.}. Thus a message is automatically multicasted to groups indicated by its headers. -@cpindex{Interceptions, message passing} -@cpindex{Message passing, message modification} -@cpindex{Communication, message modification} -@cpindex{Interprocess communication, message modification} -@cpindex{Message modification, message passing} -@cpindex{Master server} -@cpindex{Multicast groups} +@cpindex Interceptions, message passing +@cpindex Message passing, message modification +@cpindex Communication, message modification +@cpindex Interprocess communication, message modification +@cpindex Message modification, message passing +@cpindex Master server +@cpindex Multicast groups The multicast groups and receiving of message is called interceptions. The interesting property of interceptions is that they may @@ -336,10 +336,10 @@ the message to make it empty. A consumed message will not be send to any further clients or servers in the interception list. -@cpindex{Interception priority, message passing} -@cpindex{Priority, interception, message passing} -@cpindex{Message consumption, message passing} -@cpindex{Consumption, interception, message passing} +@cpindex Interception priority, message passing +@cpindex Priority, interception, message passing +@cpindex Message consumption, message passing +@cpindex Consumption, interception, message passing To make this mechanism sensible, a server or client can set a priority when it registers for interception (does not need to be @@ -358,14 +358,14 @@ same priority the order in which they will receive the message, of those recipients, is arbitrary. -@pgindex{@command{mds-vt}} -@cpindex{Virtual terminal, switching} -@cpindex{Switching virtual terminal} -@cpindex{Dual-connection, message passing} -@cpindex{Message passing, dual-connection} -@cpindex{Communication, dual-connection} -@cpindex{Interprocess communication, dual-connection} -@cpindex{Reflexive connection, message passing} +@pgindex @command{mds-vt} +@cpindex Virtual terminal, switching +@cpindex Switching virtual terminal +@cpindex Dual-connection, message passing +@cpindex Message passing, dual-connection +@cpindex Communication, dual-connection +@cpindex Interprocess communication, dual-connection +@cpindex Reflexive connection, message passing An interesting property of this mechanism is demonstrated in the @command{mds-vt} server. Unlike most servers @command{mds-vt} @@ -399,18 +399,18 @@ and wait for a reply from all of them. @node Application Design @chapter Application Design -@cpindex{Application design} -@cpindex{Client design} -@cpindex{Guildlines, applications} -@cpindex{Toolkit guildlines} +@cpindex Application design +@cpindex Client design +@cpindex Guildlines, applications +@cpindex Toolkit guildlines When creating graphical @command{mds} applications, there are some guildlines you should follow. @itemize @bullet @item -@cpindex{Client-side decoration} -@cpindex{Server-side decoration} -@cpindex{Decoration, guildlines} +@cpindex Client-side decoration +@cpindex Server-side decoration +@cpindex Decoration, guildlines @b{Do not create client-side decoration}. Some users do not want decorations or wants minimal decorations. Windows should look similar, server-side @@ -426,10 +426,10 @@ of oversight from developers, client-side decoration tends to work poorly with tiling window managers. @item -@cpindex{Memorisation of size and position} -@cpindex{Position, memorisation} -@cpindex{Size, memorisation} -@pgindex{@command{mds-posmem}} +@cpindex Memorisation of size and position +@cpindex Position, memorisation +@cpindex Size, memorisation +@pgindex @command{mds-posmem} @b{Do not remember size and position}. Some users do not want their programs to remember their size and position. There is also a risk that your @@ -460,11 +460,11 @@ time they were closed. @node Environment Variables @section Environment Variables -@cpindex{Environment variables} -@vrindex{@env{DISPLAY}} -@vrindex{@env{MDS_DISPLAY}} -@cpindex{Display server identification} -@cpindex{Identification, display server} +@cpindex Environment variables +@vrindex @env{DISPLAY} +@vrindex @env{MDS_DISPLAY} +@cpindex Display server identification +@cpindex Identification, display server A crucial task of any display server is letting child processes know which display server they should connect to. @command{X.org} does this by setting the @@ -474,10 +474,10 @@ is empty if the display is one the local machine. In this tradition @command{mds} does the same thing with the environment variable @env{MDS_DISPLAY}. -@cpindex{Environment variables} -@vrindex{@env{MDS_PGROUP}} -@cpindex{Display server process group} -@cpindex{Process group, display server} +@cpindex Environment variables +@vrindex @env{MDS_PGROUP} +@cpindex Display server process group +@cpindex Process group, display server @command{mds} also creates a new process group and export the new process group ID to the environment variable @command{MDS_PGROUP}. This process group @@ -489,13 +489,13 @@ servers collectively. @node Signals @section Signals -@cpindex{Signals} -@cpindex{Re-executing servers} -@cpindex{Updating, online} -@cpindex{Online updating} -@cpindex{Version update} -@sgindex{@code{SIGUSR1}} -@sgindex{@code{SIGUPDATE}} +@cpindex Signals +@cpindex Re-executing servers +@cpindex Updating, online +@cpindex Online updating +@cpindex Version update +@sgindex @code{SIGUSR1} +@sgindex @code{SIGUPDATE} @command{mds} servers can re-execute into an updated version of their binary. This can be used to update display server online after @@ -507,24 +507,24 @@ If the operating system defines a signal named @code{SIGUPDATE}, this signal is used instead of @code{SIGUSR1}. -@cpindex{Signals} -@cpindex{Memory release, automatic} -@cpindex{Memory release, forced} -@cpindex{Automated memory release} -@cpindex{Forcing memory release} -@cpindex{Releasing memory} -@sgindex{@code{SIGDANGER}} -@sgindex{@code{SIGRTMIN + 1}} +@cpindex Signals +@cpindex Memory release, automatic +@cpindex Memory release, forced +@cpindex Automated memory release +@cpindex Forcing memory release +@cpindex Releasing memory +@sgindex @code{SIGDANGER} +@sgindex @code{SIGRTMIN + 1} If you need servers to free up allocated memory that they do not use, send the signal @code{SIGDANGER}, or if not defined @code{SIGRTMIN + 1}. Unimportant servers may choose to die on @code{SIGDANGER}. -@sgindex{@code{SIGINFO}} -@sgindex{@code{SIGRTMIN + 2}} -@cpindex{State dump} -@cpindex{Statistics dump} +@sgindex @code{SIGINFO} +@sgindex @code{SIGRTMIN + 2} +@cpindex State dump +@cpindex Statistics dump Server may also choose to support the signal @code{SIGINFO}, or if not defined @code{SIGRTMIN + 2}. It is not expected @@ -534,8 +534,8 @@ is send by a user to the server, if she wants the server to dump information about the server's state or statistics to the TTY. -@sgindex{@code{SIGRTMIN}} -@cpindex{No-operation signal} +@sgindex @code{SIGRTMIN} +@cpindex No-operation signal All servers configured to be interrupted when the signal @code{SIGRTMIN} is received. No further action is taked. This may be used @@ -544,8 +544,8 @@ being interrupted. It can also be used by the server to interrupt itself from another thread. -@pgindex{@command{valgrind}} -@sgindex{@code{SIGRTMAX}} +@pgindex @command{valgrind} +@sgindex @code{SIGRTMAX} @command{valgrind} uses @code{SIGRTMAX} for its own internal stuff. Therefore servers must not use @code{SIGRTMAX} as it is hence @@ -556,9 +556,9 @@ unavailable when running under @command{valgrind}. @node Filesystem @section Filesystem -@cpindex{Interprocess communication, filesystem} -@cpindex{Filesystem} -@cpindex{Kernel} +@cpindex Interprocess communication, filesystem +@cpindex Filesystem +@cpindex Kernel The @command{mds} kernel creates two directories for the @command{mds} servers to use: one for runtime data and one for temporary data. @@ -578,10 +578,10 @@ For example if the display server index is zero, temporary data may be stored in @file{/tmp/.@{system-directory@}.mds/0.data} -@cpindex{Re-executing servers} -@cpindex{Updating, online} -@cpindex{Online updating} -@cpindex{Version update} +@cpindex Re-executing servers +@cpindex Updating, online +@cpindex Online updating +@cpindex Version update As defined by @code{SHM_PATH_PATTERN} in @file{<libmdsserver/config.h>}, when a server re-executes itself it will marshal its state to @@ -1059,6 +1059,9 @@ any other character, or multiple LF:s. @node mds-respawn @section @command{mds-respawn} +@pgindex @command{mds-respawn} +@cpindex Respawning servers, automatic +@cpindex Crash resilience @command{mds-respawn} is a utility intended to be used in @file{$@{XDG_CONFIG_HOME@}/mdsinitrc}. It will spawn a selected set of servers. If a server it spawns exits @@ -1068,10 +1071,13 @@ line: @table @option @item --alarm=SECONDS +@opindex @option{--alarm} Schedule @command{mds-respawn} to die in @var{SECONDS} seconds. At most 1 minute. @item --interval=SECONDS +@opindex @option{--interval} +@sgindex @code{SIGUSR2} Spawned servers that die twice with @var{SECONDS} seconds should stop respawning until the signal @code{SIGUSR2} is send to @command{mds-respawn}. @@ -1082,12 +1088,17 @@ Commands for servers to spawn are specified within curly braces. Each of the braces must be alone its its own argument. For example: +@opindex @option{--initial-spawn} @example mds-respawn --interval=5 \ @{ mds-foo --initial-spawn @} \ @{ mds-bar --initial-spawn @} & @end example +@cpindex Server supervision +@cpindex Supervision of servers +@opindex @option{--initial-spawn} +@opindex @option{--respawn} will spawn and supervise the servers @command{mds-foo} and @command{mds-bar}. Both spawned with the argument @option{--initial-spawn}. When a server is @@ -1096,6 +1107,7 @@ in its argument list will be replaced by @option{--respawn} to let the server know it is being respawned. +@sgindex @code{SIGTERM} A server is considered to exit with a failure status unless it exits with the return value 0 or is terminated by the signal @code{SIGTERM}. @@ -1105,6 +1117,11 @@ by the signal @code{SIGTERM}. @node mds-reg @section @command{mds-reg} +@pgindex @command{mds-reg} +@cpindex List protocols +@cpindex Protocols, listing +@opindex @option{--list} +@opindex @option{--wait} @command{mds-reg} is a utility that can be used to list available protocols provided by running servers. It can also wait for a set of protocols to become available. To @@ -1121,38 +1138,48 @@ protocols. @node mds-clip @section @command{mds-clip} +@pgindex @command{mds-clip} +@cpindex Clipboard @command{mds-clip} is a utility that can be used to review the clipboards on the display and manipulate them. @command{mds-clip} recognises the following options: @table @option @item --push +@opindex @option{--push} Push non-option arguments from the command line into the clipboard. @item --expire=SECONDS +@opindex @option{--expire} +@opindex @option{--push} Can be used with @option{--push}. The clip will not removed after @var{SECONDS} seconds. @item --pop +@opindex @option{--pop} Pop items from the clipboard whose indices are listed in the command line as non-option arguments. The first index is 1. @item --clear +@opindex @option{--clear} Pop all items in the clipboard. @item --list +@opindex @option{--list} List items in the clipboard whose indices are listed in the command line as non-option arguments. The first index is 1. If no indicies are specified, all clips will be listed. @item --size +@opindex @option{--size} Print the size of the clipboard, the number of clips in the clipboard. @item --capacity +@opindex @option{--capacity} Print the capacity of the clipboard, the number of clips the clipboard can hold. If both @option{--size} and @option{--capacity} is used, the size will be @@ -1160,15 +1187,21 @@ printed on the first line and the capacity will be printed on the second line. @item --resize=CAPACITY +@opindex @option{--resize} Change the capaciy of the clipboard to @var{CAPACITY} clips. @item --stdin +@opindex @option{--stdin} +@opindex @option{--push} Can be used with @option{--push}. If used, the clip that should be placed on the top of the clipboard stack should be read from stdin. @item --delimiter=DELIMITER +@opindex @option{--delimiter} +@opindex @option{--list} +@opindex @option{--stdin} Can be used with @option{--stdin} or @option{--list}. If used with @option{--stdin}, an line containing only @var{DELIMITER} will delimit two values that @@ -1178,14 +1211,17 @@ will delimit two values in the output. The default delimiter for @option{--list} is an empty line. @item -1 +@opindex @option{-1} Use the primary clipboard, that is, the text copy clipboard. This is the default clipboard. @item -2 +@opindex @option{-2} Use the secondary clipboard, that is, the text selection clipboard. @item -3 +@opindex @option{-3} Use the tertiary clipboard, that is, the non-text copy clipboard. @end table @@ -1195,6 +1231,8 @@ copy clipboard. @node mds-screenshot @section @command{mds-screenshot} +@pgindex @command{mds-screenshot} +@cpindex Screenshooting @command{mds-screenshot} is a simple utility, and reference implementation thereof, that can take a screeenshot of either the display, a monitor, or a @@ -1205,46 +1243,58 @@ following options: @table @option @item --monitor +@opindex @option{--monitor} Take screenshot of the monitor. The rat will be used to select monitor. @item --monitor=WINDOW_ID +@opindex @option{--monitor} Take screenshot of the monitor whose root window's window ID is @var{WINDOW_ID} or has another window in it whose window ID is @var{WINDOW_ID}. @item --embed +@opindex @option{--embed} Take a screenshot of an embedded window. The rat will be used to select window. @item --embed=WINDOW_ID +@opindex @option{--monitor} Take a screenshot of an embedded window whose window ID is @var{WINDOW_ID}. @item --window +@opindex @option{--window} Take a screenshot a window. The rat will be used to select window. @item --window=WINDOW_ID +@opindex @option{--window} Take a screenshot of a window whose window ID is @var{WINDOW_ID}. @item --decoration +@opindex @option{--decoration} Include the window's decoration, if used together with @option{--window}. Ignored if used without @option{--window}. @item --cursor +@opindex @option{--cursor} Include the rat cursor in the screenshot. @item --gamma +@opindex @option{--gamma} Include the effects of gamma ramps in the screenshot. @item --low-gamma=LOW_PRIORITY +@opindex @option{--low-gamma} Include the effects of gamma ramps with a priority above @var{LOW_PRIORITY} in the screenshot. @item --high-gamma=HIGH_PRIORITY +@opindex @option{--high-gamma} +@opindex @option{--low-gamma} Include the effects of gamma ramps with a priority below @var{HIGH_PRIORITY} in the screenshot. If used together with @option{--low-gamma=LOW_PRIORITY}, @@ -1255,10 +1305,16 @@ will be used. Optionally, you can add a non-option argument that specifies the pathname of the saved file. +@opindex @option{--window} +@opindex @option{--monitor} +@opindex @option{--embed} If neither @option{--monitor}, @option{--embed} or @option{--window} is used, a screenshot will be taked of the display. That is, all monitors. +@opindex @option{--gamma} +@opindex @option{--low-gamma} +@opindex @option{--high-gamma} In case of mirrored outputs, one of the potential outputs will be selected arbitrarily if @option{--gamma}, @option{--low-gamma} or @@ -1271,6 +1327,9 @@ outputs. @node mds-slay @section @command{mds-slay} +@pgindex @command{mds-slay} +@cpindex Process killing +@cpindex Killing processes @command{mds-slay} a utility that can be used to kill a process by it window or identify the window ID of a window. @command{mds-slay} recognises the @@ -1278,34 +1337,42 @@ following options: @table @option @item --embed +@opindex @option{--embed} Kill an embedded window. The rat will be used to select window. @item --embed=WINDOW_ID +@opindex @option{--embed} Kill an embedded window whose window ID is @var{WINDOW_ID}. @item --window +@opindex @option{--window} Kill a window. The rat will be used to select window. @item --window=WINDOW_ID +@opindex @option{--window} Kill a window whose window ID is @var{WINDOW_ID}. @item --signal=SIGNAL +@opindex @option{--signal} Send the signal @var{SIGNAL} to the process owning the selected window. @item --no-signal +@opindex @option{--no-signal} Do not send a signal; only identify the window. @item --keep-cursor +@opindex @option{--keep-cursor} Do not change the cursor to a kill cursor. @item --print -The the ID of the selected window. +@opindex @option{--print} +Print the ID of the selected window. @end table @@ -1313,6 +1380,10 @@ The the ID of the selected window. @node mds-chvt @section @command{mds-chvt} +@pgindex @command{mds-chvt} +@pgindex @command{chvt} +@cpindex Virtual terminal, switching +@cpindex Switching virtual terminal @command{mds-chvt} is a utility similar to the command @command{chvt} from the @command{kbd} project. However, @command{mds-chvt} has setuid and therefore does not @@ -1323,6 +1394,7 @@ recognises the following options: @table @option @item --switch=VT +@opindex @option{--switch} Switch to the virtual terminal with the index @var{VT}. @end table @@ -1330,6 +1402,12 @@ Switch to the virtual terminal with the index @var{VT}. @node mds-kbdc @section @command{mds-kbdc} + +@pgindex @command{mds-kbdc} +@cpindex Keyboard layouts, compile +@cpindex Compile keyboard layouts +@cpindex Compose tables, compile +@cpindex Compile compose tables @command{mds-kbdc} is the program used to compile keyboard layouts and compose tables. @@ -1340,7 +1418,10 @@ TODO how to use mds-kbdc @node External Utilities @section External Utilities -Servers let you use the option @command{--on-init-fork} +@cpindex Background processes +@opindex @option{--on-init-fork} +@pgindex @file{mdsinitrc} +Servers let you use the option @option{--on-init-fork} to put the process in the background when it has been initialised. This can used to spawn that depend on each other in linear order. For example, if @command{mds-bar} @@ -1353,6 +1434,11 @@ mds-foo --on-init-fork mds-bar & @end example +@opindex @option{--on-init-fork} +@opindex @option{--on-init-sh} +@pgindex @command{mds-respawn} +@pgindex @command{cmdipc} +@pgindex @command{ipcmd} This will start @command{mds-bar} when @command{mds-foo} has been initialised. However if one of them crashes, that server will not respawn; to fix this @command{mds-respawn} @@ -1375,11 +1461,15 @@ cmdipc -Srk $S # Remove the semaphore. mds-respawn @{ mds-bar @} & # Spawn `mds-bar`. @end example +@pgindex @command{mds-reg} This is however seldom necessary as @command{mds-reg} can often be used instead, with more abstraction as you would only need to specify what servers need to wait for, not what they provide. +@pgindex @command{setpgrp} +@cpindex Display server process group +@cpindex Process group, display server Another useful command (and package) is @command{setpgrp}. @command{mds} puts itself an all its children in a new process group. However you may want to put processes that @@ -1392,6 +1482,10 @@ to starta process in a new process group. @node Servers @chapter Servers +@pgindex @command{mds} +@pgindex @command{mds-server} +@cpindex Kernel +@cpindex Master server An @command{mds} display server instance is comprised of multiple small servers that each implements a small part of the display server's functionallity. This chapter will |