add libmds_message

Signed-off-by: Mattias Andrée <maandree@operamail.com>

1 files changed, 483 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/libmdsclient/inbound.c b/src/libmdsclient/inbound.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35e7ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libmdsclient/inbound.c
@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+/**
+ * mds — A micro-display server
+ * Copyright © 2014, 2015  Mattias Andrée (maandree@member.fsf.org)
+ * 
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ * 
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ * 
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+#include "inbound.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+
+#define try(INSTRUCTION)   if ((r = INSTRUCTION) < 0)  return r
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Initialise a message slot so that it can
+ * be used by `mds_message_read`
+ * 
+ * @param   this  Memory slot in which to store the new message
+ * @return        Non-zero on error, `errno` will be set accordingly.
+ *                Destroy the message on error.
+ */
+int libmds_message_initialise(libmds_message_t* restrict this)
+{
+  this->headers = NULL;
+  this->header_count = 0;
+  this->payload = NULL;
+  this->payload_size = 0;
+  this->payload_ptr = 0;
+  this->buffer_size = 128;
+  this->buffer_ptr = 0;
+  this->stage = 0;
+  this->buffer = malloc(this->buffer_size * sizeof(char));
+  return this->buffer == NULL ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Release all resources in a message, should
+ * be done even if initialisation fails
+ * 
+ * @param  this  The message
+ */
+void libmds_message_destroy(libmds_message_t* restrict this)
+{
+  size_t i, n = this->header_count;
+  if (this->headers != NULL)
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+      free(this->headers[i]);
+  
+  free(this->headers), this->headers = NULL;
+  free(this->payload), this->payload = NULL;
+  free(this->buffer),  this->buffer  = NULL;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Check whether a NUL-terminated string is encoded in UTF-8
+ * 
+ * @param   string              The string
+ * @param   allow_modified_nul  Whether Modified UTF-8 is allowed, which allows a two-byte encoding for NUL
+ * @return                      Zero if good, -1 on encoding error
+ */
+__attribute__((nonnull))
+static int verify_utf8(const char* string, int allow_modified_nul) /* Cannibalised from <libmdsserver/util.h> */
+{
+  static long BYTES_TO_MIN_BITS[] = {0, 0,  8, 12, 17, 22, 37};
+  static long BYTES_TO_MAX_BITS[] = {0, 7, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31};
+  long bytes = 0, read_bytes = 0, bits = 0, c, character;
+  
+  /*                                                      min bits  max bits
+    0.......                                                 0         7
+    110..... 10......                                        8        11
+    1110.... 10...... 10......                              12        16
+    11110... 10...... 10...... 10......                     17        21
+    111110.. 10...... 10...... 10...... 10......            22        26
+    1111110. 10...... 10...... 10...... 10...... 10......   27        31
+   */
+  
+  while ((c = (long)(*string++)))
+    if (read_bytes == 0)
+      {
+	/* First byte of the character. */
+	
+	if ((c & 0x80) == 0x00)
+	  /* Single-byte character. */
+	  continue;
+	
+	if ((c & 0xC0) == 0x80)
+	  /* Single-byte character marked as multibyte, or
+	     a non-first byte in a multibyte character. */
+	  return -1;
+	
+	/* Multibyte character. */
+	while ((c & 0x80))
+	  bytes++, c <<= 1;
+	read_bytes = 1;
+	character = c & 0x7F;
+	if (bytes > 6)
+	  /* 31-bit characters can be encoded with 6-bytes,
+	     and UTF-8 does not cover higher code points. */
+	  return -1;
+      }
+    else
+      {
+	/* Not first byte of the character. */
+	
+	if ((c & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+	  /* Beginning of new character before a
+	     multibyte character has ended. */
+	  return -1;
+	
+	character = (character << 6) | (c & 0x7F);
+	
+	if (++read_bytes < bytes)
+	  /* Not at last byte yet. */
+	  continue;
+	
+	/* Check that the character is not unnecessarily long. */
+	while (character)
+	  character >>= 1, bits++;
+	bits = ((bits == 0) && (bytes == 2) && allow_modified_nul) ? 8 : bits;
+	if ((bits < BYTES_TO_MIN_BITS[bytes]) || (BYTES_TO_MAX_BITS[bytes] < bits))
+	  return -1;
+	
+	read_bytes = bytes = bits = 0;
+      }
+  
+  /* Make sure we did not stop at the middle of a multibyte character. */
+  return read_bytes == 0 ? 0 : -1;
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Extend the header list's allocation
+ * 
+ * @param   this    The message
+ * @param   extent  The number of additional entries
+ * @return          Zero on success, -1 on error
+ */
+__attribute__((nonnull))
+static int extend_headers(libmds_message_t* restrict this, size_t extent)
+{
+  char** new_headers = realloc(this->headers, (this->header_count + extent) * sizeof(char*));
+  if (new_headers == NULL)
+    return -1;
+  this->headers = new_headers;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Extend the read buffer by way of doubling
+ * 
+ * @param   this  The message
+ * @return        Zero on success, -1 on error
+ */
+__attribute__((nonnull))
+static int extend_buffer(libmds_message_t* restrict this)
+{
+  char* new_buf = realloc(this->buffer, (this->buffer_size << 1) * sizeof(char));
+  if (new_buf == NULL)
+    return -1;
+  this->buffer = new_buf;
+  this->buffer_size <<= 1;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reset the header list and the payload
+ * 
+ * @param  this  The message
+ */
+__attribute__((nonnull))
+static void reset_message(libmds_message_t* restrict this)
+{
+  size_t i, n = this->header_count;
+  if (this->headers != NULL)
+    {
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+	free(this->headers[i]);
+      free(this->headers);
+      this->headers = NULL;
+    }
+  this->header_count = 0;
+  
+  free(this->payload);
+  this->payload = NULL;
+  this->payload_size = 0;
+  this->payload_ptr = 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Read the headers the message and determine, and store, its payload's length
+ * 
+ * @param   this  The message
+ * @return        Zero on success, negative on error (malformated message: unrecoverable state)
+ */
+__attribute__((pure, nonnull))
+static int get_payload_length(libmds_message_t* restrict this)
+{
+  char* header;
+  size_t i;
+  
+  for (i = 0; i < this->header_count; i++)
+    if (strstr(this->headers[i], "Length: ") == this->headers[i])
+      {
+	/* Store the message length. */
+	header = this->headers[i] + strlen("Length: ");
+	this->payload_size = (size_t)atoll(header);
+	
+	/* Do not except a length that is not correctly formated. */
+	for (; *header; header++)
+	  if ((*header < '0') || ('9' < *header))
+	    return -2; /* Malformated value, enters unrecoverable state. */
+	
+	/* Stop searching for the ‘Length’ header, we have found and parsed it. */
+	break;
+      }
+  
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Verify that a header is correctly formatted
+ * 
+ * @param   header  The header, must be NUL-terminated
+ * @param   length  The length of the header
+ * @return          Zero if valid, negative if invalid (malformated message: unrecoverable state)
+ */
+__attribute__((pure, nonnull))
+static int validate_header(const char* header, size_t length)
+{
+  char* p = memchr(header, ':', length * sizeof(char));
+  
+  if (verify_utf8(header, 0) < 0)
+    /* Either the string is not UTF-8, or your are under an UTF-8 attack,
+       lets just call this unrecoverable because the client will not correct. */
+    return -2;
+  
+  if ((p == NULL) || /* Buck you, rawmemchr should not segfault the program. */
+      (p[1] != ' ')) /* Also an invalid format. ' ' is mandated after the ':'. */
+    return -2;
+  
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Remove the beginning of the read buffer
+ * 
+ * @param  this        The message
+ * @param  length      The number of characters to remove  
+ * @param  update_ptr  Whether to update the buffer pointer
+ */
+__attribute__((nonnull))
+static void unbuffer_beginning(libmds_message_t* restrict this, size_t length, int update_ptr)
+{
+  memmove(this->buffer, this->buffer + length, (this->buffer_ptr - length) * sizeof(char));
+  if (update_ptr)
+    this->buffer_ptr -= length;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Remove the header–payload delimiter from the buffer,
+ * get the payload's size and allocate the payload
+ * 
+ * @param   this  The message
+ * @return        The return value follows the rules of `mds_message_read`
+ */
+__attribute__((nonnull))
+static int initialise_payload(libmds_message_t* restrict this)
+{
+  /* Remove the \n (end of empty line) we found from the buffer. */
+  unbuffer_beginning(this, 1, 1);
+  
+  /* Get the length of the payload. */
+  if (get_payload_length(this) < 0)
+    return -2; /* Malformated value, enters unrecoverable state. */
+  
+  /* Allocate the payload buffer. */
+  if (this->payload_size > 0)
+    if ((this->payload = malloc(this->payload_size * sizeof(char))) == NULL)
+      return -1;
+  
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Create a header from the buffer and store it
+ * 
+ * @param   this    The message
+ * @param   length  The length of the header, including LF-termination
+ * @return          The return value follows the rules of `mds_message_read`
+ */
+__attribute__((nonnull))
+static int store_header(libmds_message_t* restrict this, size_t length)
+{
+  char* header;
+  
+  /* Allocate the header. */
+  header = malloc(length * sizeof(char));  /* Last char is a LF, which is substituted with NUL. */
+  if (header == NULL)
+    return -1;
+  /* Copy the header data into the allocated header, */
+  memcpy(header, this->buffer, length * sizeof(char));
+  /* and NUL-terminate it. */
+  header[length - 1] = '\0';
+  
+  /* Remove the header data from the read buffer. */
+  unbuffer_beginning(this, length, 1);
+  
+  /* Make sure the the header syntax is correct so that
+     the program does not need to care about it. */
+  if (validate_header(header, length))
+    {
+      free(header);
+      return -2;
+    }
+  
+  /* Store the header in the header list. */
+  this->headers[this->header_count++] = header;
+  
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Continue reading from the socket into the buffer
+ * 
+ * @param   this  The message
+ * @param   fd    The file descriptor of the socket
+ * @return        The return value follows the rules of `mds_message_read`
+ */
+__attribute__((nonnull))
+static int continue_read(libmds_message_t* restrict this, int fd)
+{
+  size_t n;
+  ssize_t got;
+  int r;
+  
+  /* Figure out how much space we have left in the read buffer. */
+  n = this->buffer_size - this->buffer_ptr;
+  
+  /* If we do not have too much left, */
+  if (n < 128)
+    {
+      /* grow the buffer, */
+      try (extend_buffer(this));
+      
+      /* and recalculate how much space we have left. */
+      n = this->buffer_size - this->buffer_ptr;
+    }
+  
+  /* Then read from the socket. */
+  errno = 0;
+  got = recv(fd, this->buffer + this->buffer_ptr, n, 0);
+  this->buffer_ptr += (size_t)(got < 0 ? 0 : got);
+  if (errno)
+    return -1;
+  if (got == 0)
+    return errno = ECONNRESET, -1;
+  
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Read the next message from a file descriptor
+ * 
+ * @param   this  Memory slot in which to store the new message
+ * @param   fd    The file descriptor
+ * @return        Non-zero on error or interruption, `errno` will be
+ *                set accordingly. Destroy the message on error,
+ *                be aware that the reading could have been
+ *                interrupted by a signal rather than canonical error.
+ *                If -2 is returned `errno` will not have been set,
+ *                -2 indicates that the message is malformated,
+ *                which is a state that cannot be recovered from.
+ */
+int libmds_message_read(libmds_message_t* restrict this, int fd)
+{
+  size_t header_commit_buffer = 0;
+  int r;
+  
+  /* If we are at stage 2, we are done and it is time to start over.
+     This is important because the function could have been interrupted. */
+  if (this->stage == 2)
+    {
+      reset_message(this);
+      this->stage = 0;
+    }
+  
+  /* Read from file descriptor until we have a full message. */
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      char* p;
+      size_t length;
+      
+      /* Stage 0: headers. */
+      /* Read all headers that we have stored into the read buffer. */
+      while ((this->stage == 0) &&
+	     ((p = memchr(this->buffer, '\n', this->buffer_ptr * sizeof(char))) != NULL))
+	if ((length = (size_t)(p - this->buffer)))
+	  {
+	    /* We have found a header. */
+	    
+	    /* On every eighth header found with this function call,
+	       we prepare the header list for eight more headers so
+	       that it does not need to be reallocated again and again. */
+	    if (header_commit_buffer == 0)
+	      try (extend_headers(this, header_commit_buffer = 8));
+	    
+	    /* Create and store header. */
+	    try (store_header(this, length + 1));
+	    header_commit_buffer -= 1;
+	  }
+	else
+	  {
+	    /* We have found an empty line, i.e. the end of the headers. */
+	    
+	    /* Remove the header–payload delimiter from the buffer,
+	       get the payload's size and allocate the payload. */
+	    try (initialise_payload(this));
+	    
+	    /* Mark end of stage, next stage is getting the payload. */
+	    this->stage = 1;
+	  }
+      
+      
+      /* Stage 1: payload. */
+      if ((this->stage == 1) && (this->payload_size > 0))
+	{
+	  /* How much of the payload that has not yet been filled. */
+	  size_t need = this->payload_size - this->payload_ptr;
+	  /* How much we have of that what is needed. */
+	  size_t move = this->buffer_ptr < need ? this->buffer_ptr : need;
+	  
+	  /* Copy what we have, and remove it from the the read buffer. */
+	  memcpy(this->payload + this->payload_ptr, this->buffer, move * sizeof(char));
+	  unbuffer_beginning(this, move, 1);
+	  
+	  /* Keep track of how much we have read. */
+	  this->payload_ptr += move;
+	}
+      if ((this->stage == 1) && (this->payload_ptr == this->payload_size))
+	{
+	  /* If we have filled the payload (or there was no payload),
+	     mark the end of this stage, i.e. that the message is
+	     complete, and return with success. */
+	  this->stage = 2;
+	  return 0;
+	}
+      
+      
+      /* If stage 1 was not completed. */
+      
+      /* Continue reading from the socket into the buffer. */
+      try (continue_read(this, fd));
+    }
+}
+