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@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ +NAME + patch - Apply patches to files + +SYNOPSIS + patch [-c | -e | -n | -u] [-d dir] [-D define] [-o outfile] [-p num] + [-r rejectfile] [-bflNRU] (-i patchfile | < patchfile) [file] + +DESCRIPTION + patch applies patches to files from difference listings produced by + diff(1). + + patch will skip any garbage unless the patchfile consists entirely of + garbage. Garbage is any data that does not conform to the supported + difference listing formats. patch supports all difference listing + formats specified in diff(1p) except for the -f flag in diff(1p). + + patch shall figure out which files to patch from the mentions of + filenames in the patch, unless the files are specified explicitly. + As an extension to the standard, this implementation of patch can + determine the filename by looking at the diff-lines that are produced + by diff(1) when comparing directories. However, if the file is + specified, all patches in the patchfile shall be applied to that file. + +OPTIONS + -b + Back up files before the first time that a patch is applied to + them. The backups will have the suffix .orig. + + -c + Treat anything that is not conforming to the copied context + format as garbage. + + -d dir + Prepend dir to all filenames that appear in the patchfile. + + -D define + Mark added lines with the C preprocessor construct + + #ifdef define + ... + #endif + + Mark removed lines with the C preprocessor construct + + #ifndef define + ... + #endif + + Mark changed lines with the C preprocessor construct + + #ifdef define + ... + #else + ... + #endif + + As an extension to the standard, define can be 1 or 0 to use + + #if 1 + #if 0 + + (swap those lines if define is 0) instead of + + #ifdef define + #ifndef define + + As another extension to the standard, if define begins with an + exclamation point (!), + + #ifdef define + #if 1 + + and + + #ifndef define + #if 0 + + are swapped. + + patch does not guarantee that a patched C source code file will + be at least as syntactically correct after patching as it was + before, despite this being implied by the standard. The + syntactic correctness can be broken when edits are made on lines + split using line continuation, made in comments, or spanning CPP + conditional directives. + + -e + Treat anything that is not conforming to the ed-script format as + garbage. + + -f + Don't ask any questions. + + -i patchfile + Read the patchfile instead of standard output. + + -l + Any sequence of whitespace of at least length 1 in the input + file shall match any sequence of whitespace of at least length + 1 in the difference script when testing if lines match. + Additionally, any whitespace at the beginning of a line or at + the end of a line is ignored when matching lines. The former + case is an extension of the standard. + + -n + Treat anything that is not conforming to the normal format as + garbage. + + -N + Ignore already applied hunks. POSIX specifies that already + applied patches shall be ignored if this flag is used. A hunk + is a contiguous portion of a patch. A patch is a single + file-comparison output from diff(1). + + -o outfile + Store resulting files from patches to outfile instead of to + the patched file itself. If the patchfile patches multiple + files, the results are concatenated. If a patchfile patches a + file multiple times, intermediary results are also stored. + + As an extension to the standard, you may use non-regular files + such as /dev/stdout and /dev/null. /dev/null can be used + to perform a dryrun. + + -p num + Remove the first num components from filenames that appear in + the patchfile. Any leading / is regarded as the first component. + If num is 0, the entire filename is used. Without this flag only + basename is used. + + -r rejectfile + Save rejected hunks to rejectfile rather than to the + filename.rej where filename is the filename of the file that is + being patched. Rejected hunks are hunks that cannot be applied. + + Unless -U is used, rejected hunks are stored in copied context + format. However, the timestamps will be omitted. + + -R + Try to apply patches reversed before trying to apply them in + normal direction. + + -u + Treat anything that is not conforming to the unified context + format as garbage. + + -U + Store rejected hunks in unified context rather than copied + context. Copied context is the default even for unified context + patches. + +NOTES + Files that become empty as a result of a patch are not removed. + + Symbolic links are treated as regular files, provided that they link to + regular files. + + Timestamps that appear in diff headers are not applied. + + Encapsulated patches, and patches with CRLF line breaks — or any other + string — rather than LF line breaks are not supported. + + In this implementation, when the user is prompted, the message is + printed to /dev/tty, rather than /dev/stdout despite POSIX's + mandate. This is to make it possible to use /dev/stdout as the output + file. + + Unportable characters in filenames are supported by parsing them as C + string literals. + + In this implementation, the -D flag can be used with ed-scripts. + +SEE ALSO + diff(1), ed(1) + +STANDARDS + The patch utility is compliant with the specification except for the + exceptions noted above. + + The [-fU] flags are extensions to that specification, other extensions + are noted above. |