/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details. */
#ifndef LIBSIMPLE_ARG_H
#define LIBSIMPLE_ARG_H
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
/**
* The zeroth command line argument, the name of the process,
* set by the command line parsing macros
*/
extern char *argv0;
/**
* Map from a long option to a short option
*
* NB! Long options with optional arguments should
* have to map entries, one where `.long_flag` ends
* with '=' and `.with_arg` is non-zero, and one
* where `.long_flag` does not end with '=' and
* `.with_arg` is zero. These *cannot* have the same
* `.short_flag`
*/
struct longopt {
/**
* The long option, if the value must be attached
* to the flag, this must end with '='
*/
const char *long_flag;
/**
* The equivalent short option
*
* The first symbol in the short option
* (normally '-') will be `.long_flag[0]`
*/
char short_flag;
/**
* Whether the option takes an argument
*/
int with_arg;
};
/**
* `ARGBEGIN {} ARGEND;` creates a switch statement
* instead a loop that parses the command line arguments
* according to the POSIX specification for default
* behaviour (extensions of the behaviour is possible)
*
* This macro requires that the variables `argc` and
* `argv` are defined and that `argv[argc]` is `NULL`,
* `argc` shall be a non-negative `int` that tells
* how many elements (all non-`NULL`) are available in
* `argv`, the list of command line arguments
*
* When parsing stops, `argc` and `argv` are updated
* shuch that all parsed arguments are removed; the
* contents of `argv` will not be modified, rather
* the pointer `argv` will be updated to `&argv[n]`
* where `n` is the number of parsed elements in `argv`
*
* Inside `{}` in `ARGBEGIN {} ARGEND;` there user
* shall specify `case` statements for each recognised
* command line option, and `default` for unrecognised
* option. For example:
*
* ARGBEGIN {
* case 'a':
* // handle -a
* break;
* case 'b':
* // handle -b
* break;
* case ARGNUM:
* // handle -0, -1, -2, ..., -9
* break;
* default:
* // print usage information for other flags
* usage();
* } ARGEND;
*/
#define ARGBEGIN ARGBEGIN2(1, 0)
/**
* `SUBARGBEGIN {} ARGEND;` is similar to
* `ARGBEGIN {} ARGEND;`, however, `argv0`
* is not set to `argv[0]`, instead `argv[0]`
* is handled like any other element in `argv`
*/
#define SUBARGBEGIN ARGBEGIN2(0, 0)
/**
* Flexible alternative to `ARGBEGIN`
*
* @param WITH_ARGV0 If 0, behave like `SUBARGBEGIN`,
* otherwise, behave like `ARGBEGIN`
* @param KEEP_DASHDASH If and only if 0, "--" is not removed
* `argv` before parsing is stopped when it
* is encountered
*/
#define ARGBEGIN2(WITH_ARGV0, KEEP_DASHDASH)\
do {\
char flag_, *lflag_, *arg_;\
int brk_ = 0, again_;\
size_t i_, n_;\
if (WITH_ARGV0) {\
argv0 = *argv;\
argv += !!argv0;\
argc -= !!argv0;\
}\
(void) arg_;\
(void) i_;\
(void) n_;\
for (; argv[0] && argv[0][0] && argv[0][1]; argc--, argv++) {\
lflag_ = argv[0];\
if (argv[0][0] == '-') {\
if (argv[0][1] == '-' && !argv[0][2]) {\
if (!(KEEP_DASHDASH))\
argv++, argc--;\
break;\
}\
for (argv[0]++; argv[0][0]; argv[0]++) {\
flag_ = argv[0][0];\
if (flag_ == '-' && &argv[0][-1] != lflag_)\
usage();\
arg_ = argv[0][1] ? &argv[0][1] : argv[1];\
do {\
again_ = 0;\
switch (flag_) {
/**
* Test multiple long options and go to
* corresponding short option case
*
* If the long option is found (see documentation
* for `struct longopt` for details), the keyword
* `break` is used to break the `case` (or `default`),
* and at the next iteration of the parsing loop, the
* case will be `.short_flag` for the entry where the
* argument matched `.long_flag` and `.with_arg`
*
* @param LONGOPTS:struct longopt * The options, list shall end
* with `NULL` as `.long_flag`
*/
#define ARGMAPLONG(LONGOPTS)\
for (i_ = 0; (LONGOPTS)[i_].long_flag; i_++) {\
if (TESTLONG((LONGOPTS)[i_].long_flag, (LONGOPTS)[i_].with_arg)) {\
flag_ = (LONGOPTS)[i_].short_flag;\
again_ = 1;\
break;\
}\
}\
if (again_)\
break
/**
* Allows flags to start with another symbol than '-'
*
* Usage example:
* ARGBEGIN {
* case 'a': // handle -a
* break;
* default:
* usage();
* } ARGALT('+') {
* case 'a': // handle +a
* break;
* default:
* usage();
* } ARGALT('/') {
* case 'a': // handle /a
* break;
* default:
* usage();
* } ARGEND;
*
* @param SYMBOL:char The symbol flags should begin with
*/
#define ARGALT(SYMBOL)\
}\
} while (again_);\
if (brk_) {\
argc -= arg_ == argv[1];\
argv += arg_ == argv[1];\
brk_ = 0;\
break;\
}\
}\
} else if (argv[0][0] == SYMBOL) {\
if (argv[0][1] == SYMBOL && !argv[0][2])\
break;\
for (argv[0]++; argv[0][0]; argv[0]++) {\
flag_ = argv[0][0];\
if (flag_ == SYMBOL && &argv[0][-1] != lflag_)\
usage();\
arg_ = argv[0][1] ? &argv[0][1] : argv[1];\
do {\
again_ = 0;\
switch (flag_) {
/**
* Refer to `ARGBEGIN`, `SUBARGBEGIN`, and `ARGBEGIN4`
*/
#define ARGEND\
}\
} while (again_);\
if (brk_) {\
argc -= arg_ == argv[1];\
argv += arg_ == argv[1];\
brk_ = 0;\
break;\
}\
}\
} else {\
break;\
}\
}\
} while (0)
/**
* `case ARGNUM` creates a switch statement case for each digit
*/
#define ARGNUM '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':\
case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9'
/**
* Get the flag character, for example in `case 'a'`,
* 'a' is returned
*
* @return :char The option's identifying character
*/
#define FLAG() (flag_)
/**
* Get the entire argument that is being parsed
*
* Note that an argument can contain multiple options
* and it can contain the last options value but the
* value can also be in the next argument
*
* @return :char * The current command line argument
*/
#define LFLAG() (lflag_)
/**
* Get the current option's value, if it
* does not have a value, call `usage`
* (which terminates the process)
*
* Using this macro lets the parser knows
* that the option has a value
*
* @return :char * The option's value, never `NULL`
*/
#define ARG() (arg_ ? (brk_ = 1, arg_) : (usage(), NULL))
/**
* Get the current option's value, if the option
* does not have a value, `NULL` is returned
*
* Note that the value may appear at the next
* argument (next element in `argv`) which in that
* case is returned
*
* Using this macro lets the parser knows
* that the option has a value
*
* @return :char * The option's value, `NULL` if
* the option does not have a value
*/
#define ARGNULL() (arg_ ? (brk_ = 1, arg_) : NULL)
/**
* Get the remaining part of the current command
* line argument (element in `argv`) — as well as
* the character that specifies the flag — as the
* value of the argument
*
* Using this macro lets the parser knows
* that the option has a value
*
* Usage example:
*
* char *arg;
* ARGBEGIN {
* case ARGNUM:
* arg = ARGHERE();
* // `arg` is the number after '-', for example,
* // if the command line contains the argument
* // "-12345", `arg` will be `12345`
* break;
* case 'n':
* arg = &ARGHERE()[1];
* if (*arg) {
* // flag 'n' has a value (`argv`)
* } else {
* // flag 'n' does not have a value
* }
* default:
* usage();
* } ARGEND;
*
* @return :char * The option's value include the flag
* character, never `NULL` or ""
*/
#define ARGHERE() (brk_ = 1, argv[0])
/**
* Test if the argument is a specific long option
*
* Example:
*
* ARGBEGIN {
* case 'x':
* handle_dash_x:
* // handle -x
* break;
* case '-':
* if (TESTLONG("--xdev", 0))
* goto handle_dash_x;
* else
* usage();
* break;
* default:
* usage();
* } ARGEND;
*
* @param FLAG:const char * The flag, must end with '=' if the
* value must be attached to the flag,
* must not have side-effects
* @param WARG:int Whether the option takes an argument,
* should not have side-effects
*/
#define TESTLONG(FLG, WARG)\
((WARG)\
? ((!strncmp(lflag_, (FLG), (n_ = strlen(FLG), n_ -= ((FLG)[n_ - !!n_] == '='))) && lflag_[n_] == '=')\
? (lflag_[n_] = '\0',\
(arg_ = &lflag_[n_ + 1]),\
(brk_ = 1))\
: (!strcmp(lflag_, (FLG))\
? (argv[1]\
? ((arg_ = argv[1]),\
(brk_ = 1))\
: (usage(), 0))\
: 0))\
: (!strcmp(lflag_, (FLG))\
? (brk_ = 1)\
: 0))
/**
* `NOFLAG(x);` is an optimised shorthand for
*
* ARGBEGIN {
* default:
* usage();
* } ARGEND;
*
* if (x)
* usage();
*
* @param ... If non-zero, the `usage` function
* will be called
*/
#define NOFLAGS(...)\
do {\
if (*argv)\
argv0 = *argv++, argc--;\
if (argv[0] && argv[0][0] == '-' && argv[0][1] == '-' && !argv[0][2])\
argv++, argc--;\
else if (argv[0] && argv[0][0] == '-' && argv[0][1])\
usage();\
if (__VA_ARGS__)\
usage();\
} while (0)
/**
* Define the function `static void usage(void)`
* that prints the error message
* "usage: %s %s\n", argv0, SYNOPSIS
* or
* "usage: %s\n", argv0
* if `SYNOPSIS` is `NULL` or "", and then
* terminate the process with exit value 1
*
* This macro also defines `char *argv0`
*
* @param SYNOPSIS:const char * Description of the command line argument syntax
*/
#define USAGE(SYNOPSIS)\
NUSAGE(1, SYNOPSIS)
/* Intended for internal use only */
#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
# define _LIBSIMPLE_NORETURN _Noreturn
#elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
# define _LIBSIMPLE_NORETURN __attribute__((noreturn))
#else
# define _LIBSIMPLE_NORETURN
#endif
/**
* Define the function `static _Noreturn void usage(void)`
* that prints the error message
* "usage: %s %s\n", argv0, SYNOPSIS
* or
* "usage: %s\n", argv0
* if `SYNOPSIS` is `NULL` or "", and then
* terminate the process with exit value `STATUS`
*
* This macro also defines `char *argv0`
*
* @param SYNOPSIS:const char * Description of the command line argument syntax
* @parma STATUS:int The exit value for the process
*/
#define NUSAGE(STATUS, SYNOPSIS)\
static _LIBSIMPLE_NORETURN void\
usage(void)\
{\
const char *syn = SYNOPSIS ? SYNOPSIS : "";\
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s%s%s\n", argv0, *syn ? " " : "", syn);\
exit(STATUS);\
}\
char *argv0 = NULL
#endif
